Once a quit claim deed is signed and notorized, how long does it take to be effective?

Immediately - are you on a mortgage because signing a quit claim does not relieve you of your responsibility to the bank - I would not suggest owing on a property you are giving rights away to

My wife and I are divorcing and there is no mortgage on the house. I am quit claiming the deed on our house to her. How long do I have in the house once it is signed?

Until she kicks you out - no seriously until you are ready to move out dont sign it -

Brian's right - though that latter part might not do you much good..."until you are ready to move out..."

If the divorce court stipulates a timeframe, you have to abide by that. Otherwise, the first phrase of Brian's answer might be the real one - when she kicks you out!